{"id":3263,"date":"2023-02-17T09:29:54","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T14:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/?p=3263"},"modified":"2023-02-18T09:32:47","modified_gmt":"2023-02-18T14:32:47","slug":"la-donne-change-au-quebec-en-matiere-de-transition-energetique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/?p=3263","title":{"rendered":"La donne change au Qu\u00e9bec en mati\u00e8re de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"article-header text-dark\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-xs-14 col-sm-11\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/opinion\/idees\/782060\/idees-la-donne-change-au-quebec-en-matiere-de-transition-energetique\">Le Devoir<\/a>, 18 f\u00e9vrier 2023<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row flex-sm flex-row\">\n<div class=\"col-xs-14 col-sm-7 col-md-9 col-lg-10\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-xs-14 col-md-10 col-md-offset-4\">\n<div class=\"author-offset\">\n<aside class=\"author sans-photo\">Yvan Cliche<br \/>\nL\u2019auteur est fellow au Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de recherches internationales de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CERIUM).<\/p>\n<p><time datetime=\"2023-02-17\"><\/time><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-offset\">\n<div class=\"editor scrolling-tracker\">\n<p>Il est beaucoup question de d\u00e9carbonation de l\u2019\u00e9conomie qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise, notamment \u00e0 la faveur des d\u00e9bats entre le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec et Sophie Brochu, p.-d.g. d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/hydro-quebec?utm_source=recirculation&amp;utm_medium=hyperlien&amp;utm_campaign=corps_texte\">Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>, qui\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/environnement\/777317\/sophie-brochu-quittera-la-tete-d-hydro-quebec-en-avril?utm_source=recirculation&amp;utm_medium=hyperlien&amp;utm_campaign=corps_texte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quittera son poste en avril<\/a>.\u00a0Le gouvernement doit, en effet, tenter une r\u00e9ponse aux industriels avides de notre \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 propre, fiable et bon march\u00e9 dans ce contexte de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Des milliers de m\u00e9gawatts suppl\u00e9mentaires sont esp\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, ces d\u00e9bats et questionnements sur la donne \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise ne doivent pas nous faire oublier celle qui pr\u00e9vaut aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Pourquoi\u00a0? Parce qu\u2019elle \u00e9volue rapidement et fortement, surtout en raison de l\u2019adoption par le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain, en\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/monde\/745719\/biden-promulgue-son-plan-d-investissement-sur-le-climat-et-la-sante?utm_source=recirculation&amp;utm_medium=hyperlien&amp;utm_campaign=corps_texte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ao\u00fbt dernier, de l\u2019Inflation Reduction Act<\/a>\u00a0(IRA). Cette loi phare, mal nomm\u00e9e, n\u2019est rien de moins que la l\u00e9gislation la plus ambitieuse jamais adopt\u00e9e aux \u00c9tats-Unis en mati\u00e8re de climat et d\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n<p>Les m\u00e9dias d\u2019ici ont certes couvert cette nouvelle loi et ses cons\u00e9quences, mais peu. Avec ses quelque 370\u00a0milliards $US qui seront vers\u00e9s en cr\u00e9dits divers dans le but de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d\u2019ici 2030, l\u2019IRA aura pourtant des effets majeurs en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie et autres.<\/p>\n<p>Elle stimulera consid\u00e9rablement les investissements annuels dans le d\u00e9ploiement des \u00e9nergies renouvelables aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Ceux-ci devraient passer de 64\u00a0milliards de dollars en 2022 \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 114\u00a0milliards d\u2019ici 2031,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.woodmac.com\/horizons\/boom-time-what-the-inflation-reduction-act-means-for-us-renewables-manufacturers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">selon Wood Mackenzie<\/a>. C\u2019est colossal.<\/p>\n<p>Les Am\u00e9ricains ont la r\u00e9putation de bouger tr\u00e8s vite en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergie, surtout depuis la crise p\u00e9troli\u00e8re des ann\u00e9es\u00a01970. Ce secteur est en effet consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme intimement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale.<\/p>\n<p>Un exemple r\u00e9cent de cette v\u00e9locit\u00e9\u00a0: la r\u00e9volution des hydrocarbures de schiste, rendue possible par une approche novatrice dans l\u2019extraction\u00a0: le forage horizontal combin\u00e9 \u00e0 la fracturation hydraulique. L\u2019ambiance \u00e9tait pourtant morose au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000 dans les milieux \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Le pays entrevoyait des p\u00e9nuries de p\u00e9trole et de gaz, qu\u2019il devait donc se procurer en grande quantit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Mais gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une pluie de milliards venue d&rsquo;investisseurs priv\u00e9s\u00a0et destin\u00e9e \u00e0 extraire de vastes quantit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9nergies fossiles jusque-l\u00e0 inaccessibles, la \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volution\u00a0\u00bb se mit en branle. Les \u00c9tats-Unis sont ainsi devenus le plus grand producteur de p\u00e9trole et de gaz au monde en un temps record.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00eame chose s\u2019est produite avec le gaz naturel liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9. Il y a seulement sept ans, les \u00c9tats-Unis n\u2019exportaient aucun gaz naturel. Et en 2022, avec la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledevoir.com\/conflit-ukraine?utm_source=recirculation&amp;utm_medium=hyperlien&amp;utm_campaign=corps_texte\">guerre en Ukraine<\/a>, les exportations du pays vers l\u2019Europe d\u00e9coll\u00e8rent, au point qu\u2019il est devenu le plus grand exportateur de gaz liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 au monde.<\/p>\n<p>Avec l\u2019IRA, de g\u00e9n\u00e9reux cr\u00e9dits disponibles jusqu\u2019en 2032 sont notamment attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 la production locale d\u2019\u00e9nergies sans carbone. L\u2019objectif d\u00e9clar\u00e9 est de r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 la Chine dans la production de panneaux solaires, d\u2019\u00e9oliennes et de batteries, de m\u00eame que dans l\u2019approvisionnement des min\u00e9raux n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la mise en march\u00e9 de ces \u00e9quipements.<\/p>\n<p>Ces montants sont tellement importants que le Canada et l\u2019Europe s\u2019inqui\u00e8tent, et \u00e0 raison. Les faveurs accord\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019industrie am\u00e9ricaine risquent de pousser leurs entreprises \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer aux \u00c9tats-Unis leurs investissements pr\u00e9vus en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables.<\/p>\n<p>Subitement depuis l\u2019adoption de l\u2019IRA, ces alli\u00e9s historiques des \u00c9tats-Unis accusent un imposant retard en mati\u00e8re d\u2019incitatifs \u00e0 la transition. L\u2019Europe y a d\u2019ailleurs r\u00e9pondu ce mois-ci avec un Plan industriel du pacte vert, ax\u00e9 sur un d\u00e9ploiement plus rapide des projets d\u2019\u00e9nergies propres et un acc\u00e8s aux financements par le truchement d\u2019all\u00e8gements fiscaux.<\/p>\n<p>Le gouvernement canadien a certes ripost\u00e9 lui aussi dans son \u00e9nonc\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de l\u2019automne 2022 avec des cr\u00e9dits d\u2019imp\u00f4t \u00e0 l\u2019investissement pour les technologies propres et l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne produits sans \u00e9mission. Mais plusieurs le talonnent afin qu\u2019il se commette davantage lors de son prochain \u00e9nonc\u00e9 du printemps 2023, avec, par exemple, un engagement de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climateactionnetwork.ca\/fr\/resource\/depenser-ce-quil-faut-des-investissements-climatiques-transformateurs-pour-une-prosperite-a-long-terme-au-canada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span id=\"U101232283842R5H\">consacrer 2\u00a0% du PIB<\/span>\u00a0aux investissements li\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9carbonation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Le prochain budget f\u00e9d\u00e9ral sera fort probablement un moment charni\u00e8re dans les ambitions canadiennes en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hidden-print read-also\">\n<div id=\"botr_nGSyegM3_2OcidoSu_div\" class=\"jwplayer jw-reset jw-state-idle jw-stretch-uniform jw-flag-aspect-mode jw-breakpoint-2 jw-floating-dismissible jw-flag-cast-available\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-label=\"Video Player\" aria-describedby=\"jw-botr_nGSyegM3_2OcidoSu_div-shortcuts-tooltip-explanation\">\n<div class=\"jw-wrapper jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-overlays jw-reset\">\n<div id=\"botr_nGSyegM3_2OcidoSu_div_googima\" class=\"jw-plugin jw-reset jw-plugin-googima\">\n<div id=\"botr_nGSyegM3_2OcidoSu_div_ad\" class=\"jw-ads-view\">\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-controls jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-display jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-display-container jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-display-controls jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-display-icon-container jw-display-icon-display jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-icon jw-icon-display jw-button-color jw-reset\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Play\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-container jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-nextup jw-background-color jw-reset jw-nextup-thumbnail-visible\">\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-tooltip jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-thumbnail jw-reset\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-body jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-header jw-reset\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-title jw-reset-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-nextup-duration jw-reset\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><button class=\"jw-icon jw-nextup-close jw-reset\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Fermer\"><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-controlbar jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-button-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-icon jw-icon-inline jw-button-color jw-reset jw-icon-cast\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Chromecast\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-tooltip jw-tooltip-chromecast\" dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"jw-text\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-related-shelf-container jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-related-shelf-contents jw-reset\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-list\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-items jw-related-shelf-start\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item jw-related-item-visible\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Video - Le Qu\u00e9bec en \u00e9tat d\u2019\u00ab\u00e9bri\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique\u00bb\" data-jw-index=\"0\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-aspect\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-contents\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-duration jw-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-related-shelf-item-title jw-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item jw-related-item-visible\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Video - L\u2019autrice \u00c9lise Gravel victime des conservateurs aux \u00c9tats-Unis\" data-jw-index=\"1\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-aspect\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-contents\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-duration jw-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-related-shelf-item-title jw-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item jw-related-item-visible\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Video - Qu\u00e9bec solidaire veut \u00abam\u00e9liorer\u00bb ses taxes\" data-jw-index=\"2\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-aspect\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-contents\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-duration jw-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-related-shelf-item-title jw-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Video - Alys Robi, l\u2019\u00e9toile que le Qu\u00e9bec ne voit plus briller\" data-jw-index=\"3\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-aspect\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-contents\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-duration jw-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-related-shelf-item-title jw-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Video - Difficile de vendre des surplus d\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire \u00e0 Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec\" data-jw-index=\"4\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-aspect\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-contents\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-duration jw-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-related-shelf-item-title jw-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Video - Qu\u00e9bec r\u00e9clame la d\u00e9mission d\u2019Amira Elghawaby\" data-jw-index=\"5\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-aspect\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-container\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-contents\">\n<div class=\"jw-reset jw-related-shelf-item-duration jw-text\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jw-reset-text jw-related-shelf-item-title jw-text\" dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"afs_ads ad-placement\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Devoir, 18 f\u00e9vrier 2023 Yvan Cliche L\u2019auteur est fellow au Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes et de recherches internationales de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CERIUM). Il est beaucoup question de d\u00e9carbonation de l\u2019\u00e9conomie qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise, notamment \u00e0 la faveur des d\u00e9bats entre le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec et Sophie Brochu, p.-d.g. d\u2019Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec, qui\u00a0quittera son poste en avril.\u00a0Le gouvernement doit, en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[897],"class_list":["post-3263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opinions","tag-ira-etats-unis-climat-energie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3264,"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3263\/revisions\/3264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yvancliche.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}